Abordagem holística durante a gestação: alterações sistêmicas e suas repercussões na saúde bucal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21270/archi.v10i8.5428Palavras-chave:
Gengivite, Gravidez, Periodontite, Saúde BucalResumo
Diversas alterações fisiológicas, imunológicas e hormonais ocorrem durante a gestação e quando associadas aos comprometimentos sistêmicos materno podem ter efeito sinérgico na saúde bucal das gestantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi sintetizar as evidências científicas atuais de maior qualidade acerca da associação entre alterações sistêmicas e saúde bucal durante a gravidez. No período de agosto/2020 a março/2021, as seguintes bases de dados foram acessadas: EMBASE, SCOPUS, MEDLINE (Entrez PubMed), Web of Science, BVS/LILACS, e SCIELO. Foram incluídos estudos publicados entre janeiro/2000 a março/2021 em espanhol, inglês e/ou português. Devido às alterações imunológicas e hormonais da gravidez, a gengivite e a periodontite são as doenças bucais de maior prevalência nesse período. As alterações sistêmicas durante a gestação que comumente se associam à prejuízos na cavidade bucal são: anemia, sobrepeso/obesidade, ganho ponderal gestacional excessivo, diabetes mellitus e hipertensão arterial. Ademais, os acometimentos sistêmicos e periodontais na gestação podem prejudicar a saúde dos recém-nascidos. Entretanto, a obesidade e periodontite, apesar de estarem associadas, podem apresentar efeitos antagônicos na saúde dos recém-nascidos, visto que a obesidade se associa a macrossomia e a periodontite materna se associa à prematuridade e ao baixo peso ao nascer. Diante do exposto, conclui-se que diversas alterações sistêmicas se associam à piores parâmetros de saúde bucal durante a gravidez e esses fatores, conjuntamente ou isolados, podem resultar em efeitos perinatais adversos, afetando a saúde das mães e dos bebês.
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