Materiais Sintéticos e Impressão 3D na Regeneração Óssea Alveolar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21270/archi.v11i2.5559Palavras-chave:
Materiais Biocompatíveis, Regeneração Óssea, Bioimpressão, Polímeros, Engenharia TecidualResumo
Introdução: Na odontologia, a perda do osso alveolar é uma das principais características da doença periodontal. A busca pelo reparo e/ou regeneração deste tecido é constante. Atualmente com o desenvolvimento de tecnologias como a impressão 3D, scaffolds são confeccionados para promover a regeneração óssea alveolar. Objetivo: Esta revisão teve como objetivo abordar a utilização de materiais sintéticos na confecção de scaffolds e na impressão 3D como alternativa para a regeneração do tecido ósseo alveolar. Revisão de Literatura: O uso e a capacidade dos materiais sintéticos para promover a regeneração óssea alveolar são evidentes na literatura; entretanto, a técnica, o tratamento e o biomaterial ideais para a regeneração óssea alveolar ainda não foram estabelecidos. Fosfato de cálcio, hidroxiapatita, ácido polilático (PLA) e ácido polilático-glicólico (PLGA) estão entre os biomateriais mais utilizados. Cada biomaterial possui suas propriedades que devem ser consideradas no momento da seleção, porém os melhores resultados têm sido obtidos pela combinação desses biomateriais. A impressão 3D permite a combinação precisa desses materiais para a confecção de scaffolds, proporcionando ambientes favoráveis ao desenvolvimento dos tecidos promovendo a regeneração óssea alveolar. Considerações Finais: Os biomateriais sintéticos e o uso da impressão 3D apresentam resultados promissores, podendo ser considerados excelentes alternativas para a promoção da regeneração óssea alveolar.
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