Helicobacter pylori em boca: epidemiologia e associação com doenças bucais
Resumo
A associação de Helicobacter pylori com diferentes enfermidades gástricas vem sendo continuamente discutida na literatura, sendo que nos últimos 20 anos um grande volume de publicações destinou-se à caracterizar os diferentes nichos ecológicos e habitats desse patógeno, sendo a boca um possível habitat para essa bactéria. O presente estudo objetivou, por meio de revisão de literatura, discutir a epidemiologia e associação desse organismo, como parte da microbiota suplementar ou transitória da boca, à doença periodontal. Para tanto, uma extensa revisão de literatura contemplando o período de 1990-2014 foi realizada junto a diferentes bases de dados, obtendo-se 5024 artigos relativos à transmissão e epidemiologia de H. pylori, em inglês e português. Os artigos foram selecionados segundo os critérios de exclusão e inclusão e seus dados foram tabulados e analisados. A despeito da grande heterogeneidade da literatura consultada, verificou-se que esse microaerófilo apresenta distribuição mundial, mesmo na boca, a qual se comporta como reservatório para a reinfecção gástrica. O papel da higiene bucal e das enfermidades periodontais na distribuição desse microrganismo não está esclarecido, mas a maioria dos estudos dão suporte à hipótese de que o biofilme bucal e a inflamação periodontal facilitam a instalação desse patógeno na boca. Estudos sugerem que esse microrganismo possa colaborar como fator predisponente para o câncer bucal.Descritores: Helicobacter; Transmissão; Epidemiologia; Doenças periodontais; Gastrite; Neoplasias bucais.
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