Malocclusion indices and their applications in public health: a review study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21270/archi.v10i7.5260Palabras clave:
Maloclusión, Salud Pública, Métodos Epidemiológicos, Encuestas EpidemiológicasResumen
Los índices de salud son importantes para medir la presencia y gravedad de enfermedades. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre índices de maloclusión y analizar sus aplicaciones en salud pública. La investigación se llevó a cabo consultando las bases de datos Pubmed, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, Bireme y Embase, utilizando los términos: salud pública, métodos epidemiológicos, índices, encuestas epidemiológicas, odontología preventiva, maloclusión y ortodoncia. Se incluyeron publicaciones sobre el desarrollo y uso de índices de maloclusión en estudios clínicos y epidemiológicos, sin restricciones de metodología y lenguaje. Se han identificado cincuenta y dos índices y sus variaciones. De estos, la mayoría estaban destinados a evaluaciones individuales y su uso en salud pública estaba limitado por los requisitos de su aplicación, como la necesidad de especialistas, análisis de modelos de yeso, exámenes complementarios como radiografías y fotografías cefalométricas, equipos específicos, la necesidad de seguimiento longitudinal. , y evaluaciones exclusivamente objetivas o subjetivas. Algunos índices de maloclusión tienen aspectos positivos y evalúan parcialmente las condiciones físicas, funcionales, psicológicas y sociales, sin embargo, aún es un desafío identificar un índice unánime para evaluar la gravedad, necesidad de tratamiento e impacto de las maloclusiones en la calidad de vida del individuo, con aplicabilidad en salud pública.
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