Soft Tissue Lesions Diagnosed by Biopsy at the Dental Specialty Center: Spatial Distribution and Epidemiological Analysis in Fernandópoli - SP, Brazil (2024)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21270/archi.v15i6.6815Keywords:
Oral Lesions, Biopsy, Oral Cancer, Georeferencing, Primary Health Care, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, EpidemiologyAbstract
Introduction: Oral soft tissue lesions encompass a diverse spectrum of conditions, from benign to potentially malignant and malignant entities. An organized referral pathway from Basic Health Unit (UBS) to the Dental Specialty Center (CEO) combined with georeferencing tools enables identification of spatial patterns of these lesions, supporting public health planning. Objective: To describe soft tissue lesions diagnosed by biopsy at the CEO of Fernandópolis/SP during 2024, analyzing their spatial distribution. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were obtained from histopathological reports of biopsies performed between January and December 2024, arising from referrals by the 18 UBS to the municipal CEO. Sociodemographic, clinical, and anatomical variables were collected. Spatial distribution was assessed by georeferencing with Kernel density estimation. Statistical analysis was descriptive. Results: Forty-seven biopsies were performed in 40 patients. Most were male (53.2%) and self-declared white (85.1%), with a mean age of 50.3 ± 25.3 years (range: 6–83 years). The 60–79 age group was most prevalent (46.8%). Benign/reactive lesions accounted for 74.4% of cases. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was diagnosed in 6 cases (12.8%), and potentially malignant oral disorders (PMOD) totaled 12.8%. SCC predominated in elderly males with smoking history. The labial mucosa was the most affected site (27.7%). Georeferencing revealed heterogeneous territorial distribution of lesions. Conclusion: Systematic biopsy integrated into the UBS–CEO referral pathway identified relevant proportions of malignant lesions and PMODs in Fernandópolis. Spatial analysis supports the planning of territorial interventions in collective oral health.
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